You can be born with spinal defects that cause the spine to grow unevenly where as some patients have nerve or muscle diseases, injuries or other illnesses that cause spinal deformities. The spinal deformity correction surgery is usually a solid fusion of the curved part of the spine. To assist in the process, metal rods, braces and other instruments are used until your fusion has a chance to fully heal keeping the shape. Once the abnormal part of the spine has been fused and healed it can move no more.