The majority of bone fractures heal without any problems, however if a fracture does not heal by 6 months post injury it usually indicates that it will never heal without help and is called a non-union fracture. The most common causes of non-union fractures are complicated fractures, open fractures, infection, insufficient immobilization, poor blood supply, poor diet and ill health. Non-union fractures usually require surgery and long periods of rehabilitation. However, with the breakthrough in stem cell therapies patients are now able to receive non-surgical treatment.