Laparoscopy is the most common procedure used to diagnose and remove mild to moderate endometriosis. Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue-which normally lines the uterus-in other parts of the body. Instead of using a large abdominal incision, the surgeon inserts a lighted viewing instrument called a laparoscope through a small incision to remove any visible endometriosis implants and scar tissue that may be causing pain or infertility.